{"id":586,"date":"2023-12-18T15:37:34","date_gmt":"2023-12-18T08:37:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/?p=586"},"modified":"2023-12-18T15:37:36","modified_gmt":"2023-12-18T08:37:36","slug":"phuong-phap-xu-ly-nito-photpho-trong-nuoc-thai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/?p=586","title":{"rendered":"PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P X\u1eec L\u00dd NITO \u2013 PHOTPHO TRONG N\u01af\u1edaC TH\u1ea2I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nit\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 d\u1ea1ng: c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, amoni v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 (nitrit v\u00e0 nitrat).Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t nit\u01a1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1 (65%) v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (35%). Ngu\u1ed3n nit\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y x\u1ea3 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc 1,2 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 12 g nit\u01a1 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 nit\u01a1 trong ur\u00ea (N-CO(NH\u00ac2)2) l\u00e0 0,7g, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nit\u01a1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m Nit\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nit\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i cao, ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Do v\u1eady n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du nh\u01b0 r\u00eau, t\u1ea3o g\u00e2y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu oxy trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n, gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y v\u1ef1c, s\u1ea3n sinh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 NH4+, H2S, CO2, CH4\u2026 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00edch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc
Hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u00eanh d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, s\u00f4ng S\u00e9t, s\u00f4ng L\u1eeb, s\u00f4ng T\u00f4 L\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh \u0111en ho\u1eb7c \u0111en, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i do tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed H2\u00acS. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3, t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nit\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Nit\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t trong x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
V\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd Nit\u01a1 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111i s\u00e2u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. X\u1eed l\u00fd nit\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

4.1 C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nit\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed, nit\u01a1 am\u00f4n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nitrit v\u00e0 nitrat nh\u1edd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n Nitrosomonas v\u00e0 Nitrobacter. Khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu \u00f4xy, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u1eed nitrat Denitrificans (d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n) s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch \u00f4xy c\u1ee7a nitr\u00e1t (NO3-) v\u00e0 nitrit (NO2-) \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Nit\u01a1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed N2 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Q\u00faa tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a Nit\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n NO3- \u2013> NO2- \u2013>NO \u2013> N2O \u2013> N2 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00eatanol l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1c bon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.2. Nitrat h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nitrat ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Nit\u01a1, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Am\u00f4ni. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt d\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n nitrat ho\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CO2(d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1c bon h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p sinh kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. Sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n nitrat ho\u00e1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi sinh kh\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Nitrat ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb Nit\u01a1 Am\u00f4ni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt , \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n Nit\u01a1somonas v\u00e0 Vi khu\u1ea9n Nit\u01a1bacteria. \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean am\u00f4ni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nitrit v\u00e0 \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai nitrit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nitrat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1. NH4- + 1,5 O2 \u2013> NO2- + 2H+ + H2O
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2. NO-2 + 0,5 O2 \u2013> NO3-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n Nit\u01a1somonas v\u00e0 Vi khu\u1ea9n Nit\u01a1bacteria s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p sinh kh\u1ed1i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sau :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NH4- + 2 O2 \u2013> NO3- + 2H+ + H2O (*)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 i\u00f4n Am\u00f4ni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sau :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4CO2 + HCO3- + NH+4 + H2O \u2013> C5H7O2N + 5O2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C5H7O2N t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00ean sinh kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NH4+ + 1,83O2 + 1,98 HCO3- \u2013> 0,021C5H7O2N  +  0,98NO3- + 1,041H2O + 1,88H2CO3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xy c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 am\u00f4ni th\u00e0nh nitrat c\u1ea7n 4,3 mg O2\/ 1mg NH4+. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 4,57 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 4,57 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (*) khi m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p sinh kh\u1ed1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.3. Kh\u1eed nitrit v\u00e0 nitrat:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu \u00f4xy c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u1eed nitrit v\u00e0 nitrat Denitrificans (d\u1ea1ng k\u1ecb kh\u00ed tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n) s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch \u00f4xy c\u1ee7a nitrat (NO3-) v\u00e0 nitrit (NO2-) \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Nit\u01a1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed N2 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Kh\u1eed nitrat :
NO3- + 1,08 CH3OH + H+ \u2013> 0,065 C5H7O2N + 0,47 N2 + 0,76CO2 + 2,44H2O
+ Kh\u1eed nitrit :
NO2- + 0,67 CH3OH + H+ \u2013> 0,04 C5H7O2N + 0,48 N2 + 0,47CO2 + 1,7H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed nit\u01a1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed ( thi\u1ebfu \u00f4xy t\u1ef1 do )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         C\u00f3 nitrat (NO3- ) ho\u1eb7c nitrit (NO2-)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         C\u00f3 vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ecb kh\u00ed tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n kh\u1eed nitrat;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00e1cbon h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nit\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/strong>
5.1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd BOD\/N<\/strong>
5.1.1. K\u00eanh \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

K\u00eanh \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed b\u00f9n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed BOD v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00f9n nh\u1edd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady b\u00f9n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh d\u01b0 \u00edt g\u00e2y h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.
C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1eed BOD \u0111\u1ea1t 85\u00b895%. Trong v\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 nitrat ho\u00e1. Trong v\u00f9ng thi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xy ho\u00e0 tan th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,5 mg\/l) di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u1eed nitrat.
\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eed N trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed nitrat di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. K\u00eanh \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a aer\u00f4ten \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gu\u1ed3ng quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed (aerobic) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed (anoxic) lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean thay \u0111\u00f4\u1ec9. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nitrat ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u1eed nitrat c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1eed nit\u01a1 trong k\u00eanh \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 40\u2013>80%<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.1.2.     Aer\u00f4ten ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng  gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n theo m\u1ebb (h\u1ec7 SBR)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e2y chuy\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd Nito trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u2013 B\u1ec3 SBR
C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t ng\u0103n bao g\u1ed3m: l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng t\u0129nh, x\u1ea3 n-\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 b\u00f9n d\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"giai-doan-sbr\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

5.2. X\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ed1t pho x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed1t pho tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ho\u00e0 tan tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i
Ph\u1ed1t pho trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng orthophotphat (PO43-,HPO42-, H2PO4-,H3PO4) hay polyphotphat [Na3(PO3)6] v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng polyphotphat nh\u01b0 pyrometaphotphat Na2(PO4)6, tripolyphotphat Na5P3O10, pyrophotphat Na4P2O7 \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng orthophotphat trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc.
Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee7 \u2026
B\u1ea3ng : L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho theo n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3, kg\/ha.n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td>R\u1eebng<\/strong><\/td>N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/td>\u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/strong><\/td>N\u01b0\u1edbc  m\u01b0a<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Nit\u01a1<\/td>3(1,3 -10,2)<\/td>5(0,5-50)<\/td>5(1-20)<\/td>24<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u1ed1t pho<\/td>0,4(0,01-0,9)<\/td>0,5(0,1-5)<\/td>1(0,1-10)<\/td>1(0,05-5)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t photpho t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i , ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p este trung t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a axit photphoric d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cao. Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photpho (t\u00ednh theo photphat) kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, kho\u1ea3ng 0,1 mg\/l, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ea1ng orthophotphat . Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 photphat cao . Ph\u1ed1t pho l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1ea3o \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t , g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.3.1. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd Ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 Nit\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 photpho. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00f9n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd thi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed (anoxic), x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed (aerobic), x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed (anaerobic) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 photpho. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed Photpho, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1eed c\u1ea3 nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 photpho.
C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:
\u2013 Quy tr\u00ecnh A2\/O
\u2013 Quy tr\u00ecnh Bardenpho (5 b\u01b0\u1edbc)
\u2013 Quy tr\u00ecnh UCT
\u2013 Quy tr\u00ecnh VIP
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ebb k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1eed Nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 Ph\u1ed1tpho<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh A2\/O<\/strong>
Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb quy tr\u00ecnh A\/O v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p oxi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed nitrat. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u01b0u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd. T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng anoxic (thi\u1ebfu oxy), vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u1ea5y oxi t\u1eeb nitrat (NO3-) v\u00e0 nitrit (NO22-), l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nitrat v\u00e0 nitrit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1edfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n t\u1eeb sau v\u00f9ng aerobic. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3tpho t\u1eadp trung trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2mg\/l l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1.5mg\/l v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sau l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh Bardenpho (5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n)<\/strong>
T\u1eeb b\u1ec3 Bardenpho 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd Nit\u01a1, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam 1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1eed c\u1ea3 nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 photpho. Th\u00eam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 5 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed anarobic \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed photpho l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1eed nit\u01a1, photpho. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sau c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd A2\/O. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng anaerobic, anoxic, aerobic \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed c\u1ea3 Nit\u01a1, Photpho v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. V\u00f9ng Anoxic (giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2) \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed nitrat v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung nitrat t\u1eeb b\u1ec3 aerobic (giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3). B\u1ec3 aerobic cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00e1ch kh\u00ed N2 ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Photpho xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n quy tr\u00ecnh A2\/O. T\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 10-40ng\u00e0y, t\u0103ng sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh UCT<\/strong>
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cape Town, gi\u1ed1ng quy trinh A2\/O nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 2 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u00f9n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec3 Anoxic thay v\u00ec b\u1ec3 anaerobic. Th\u1ee9 hai, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n t\u1eeb b\u1ec3 anoxic \u0111\u1ebfn anaerobic. B\u00f9n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec3 anoxic, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nitrat trong b\u1ec3 anaerobic s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, theo \u0111\u00f3 ta t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c photpho trong b\u1ec3 anaerobic. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec3 anaerobic. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb b\u1ec3 anoxic bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 h\u00f2a tan (BOD) nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nitrat r\u1ea5t \u00edt, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean men k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed trong b\u1ec3 anaerobic. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0o t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh VIP (Virginia Initiative Plant in Norfolk. Virginia)<\/strong>
Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng A2\/O v\u00e0 UCT ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1ch tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec3. B\u00f9n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sau b\u1ec3 aerobic (\u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eed nitrat) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i b\u1ec3 anoxic. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ec3 anoxic quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a anaerobic. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111inh trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxi theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.
5.22. So s\u00e1nh \u01b0u, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 photpho<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
A2<\/sup>\/O<\/td>B\u00f9n th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao ph\u00f4tpho ( 3 \u2013 5%) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecbKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed nitrat cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n A\/O.<\/td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnhPh\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 A\/O<\/td><\/tr>
Bardenpho<\/td>T\u1ea1o ra \u00edt b\u00f9n th\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ed1tpho hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi.B\u00f9n th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao ph\u00f4tpho v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.\u0110\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau th\u1ee5\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Nam Phi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7nv\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/td>V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00eam c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.M\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf M\u1ef9.Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ed1i t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh A2<\/sup>\/O.<\/td><\/tr>
UCT<\/td>Lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Anoxic \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Nitrat v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1ch ph\u00f4tpho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Anaerobic.Dung t\u00edch ng\u0103n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Bardenpho.<\/td>Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9.\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1.T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t BODF y\u00eau c\u1ea7u caoNh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnhTu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u1ed9i vi r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/td><\/tr>
VIP<\/td>Tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n nitrat qua v\u00f9ng anoxic \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4xy y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec1m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5.Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng anoxic sang v\u00f9ng anaerobic \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nitrat trong v\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed.C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd Nit\u01a1 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed1t pho quanh n\u0103m<\/td>Tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u1ed9i vi r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.Ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1ch Nit\u01a1 .<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nit\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i: Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nit\u01a1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 d\u1ea1ng: c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, amoni v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 (nitrit v\u00e0 nitrat).Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t nit\u01a1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 c\u01a1 (65%) v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (35%). … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=586"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":590,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586\/revisions\/590"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}