{"id":574,"date":"2023-12-17T15:41:17","date_gmt":"2023-12-17T08:41:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/?p=574"},"modified":"2023-12-17T15:42:39","modified_gmt":"2023-12-17T08:42:39","slug":"vi-sinh-ky-khi-la-gi-cac-ung-dung-trong-xu-ly-nuoc-thai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/?p=574","title":{"rendered":"Vi Sinh K\u1ef5 Kh\u00ed L\u00e0 G\u00ec? C\u00e1c \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Trong X\u1eed L\u00fd N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ea3i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh h\u1ecdc k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u vi sinh k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> ch\u01b0a? N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Vi
Vi sinh k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Vi sinh k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed s\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n, virut, n\u1ea5m, t\u1ea3o, nguy\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, vi sinh v\u1eady k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oxy. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, sinh s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed oxy. Oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd sinh h\u1ecdc k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed CH4, N2, H2 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00f4 c\u01a1 CO2, NH3… M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed BOD, COD. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean – M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u00fd kh\u00ed trong x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0: H\u1ea7m Biogas, b\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i, b\u1ec3 USAB.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Vi
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i oxy, c\u00f3 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed. Bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i b\u1ec3 k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi sinh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i vi sinh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1eb1m x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 pH<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 pH n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n x\u1eed l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ed9 pH thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 6.7-7.4, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 7-7.2. V\u1edbi t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m vi sinh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng vi sinh k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ecb kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ean trong b\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 Cacbon, Nit\u01a1, Ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Vi
Ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vi sinh k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt. Th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd, tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3ng v\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sau x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 Amoni, Hydrocarbonat c\u00f3 Clo, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f2ng Benzen, ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, ch\u1ea5t s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng, Axit bay h\u01a1i, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, Sulfuric, Tanin… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng vi sinh k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh h\u1ecdc k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u vi sinh k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec ch\u01b0a? N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":576,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=574"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":575,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/574\/revisions\/575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biowatertlp.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}